All ionizing radiation can be classified into how many categories?

Ionizing radiation can be classified into two primary categories: particulate radiation and electromagnetic radiation.

Particulate radiation includes particles that have mass and carry energy, such as alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons. These particles interact with matter primarily through direct collisions, which can lead to ionization of atoms.

Electromagnetic radiation encompasses radiation that moves in waves and does not have mass, such as gamma rays and X-rays. These types of radiation have sufficient energy to cause ionization as they pass through matter, but they interact differently compared to particulate radiation.

Understanding this classification is crucial in radiation physics as it informs safety protocols, shielding requirements, and protective measures needed to mitigate exposure. Recognizing the distinction between these two types of ionizing radiation allows professionals to better manage risks associated with their use in medical imaging and treatment, as well as in other applications like nuclear power and radiation therapy.