What is the definition of ionization?

The definition of ionization refers specifically to the process where an orbital electron is removed from an atom, resulting in the formation of an ion. This occurs when sufficient energy, such as that supplied by radiation, is absorbed by the atom, enabling it to overcome the binding energy that holds the electron within its orbit. When this electron is ejected, the atom becomes positively charged due to the loss of a negatively charged particle, resulting in an ion.

Understanding this process is fundamental in radiology and physics, as ionization plays a critical role in the interaction of radiation with matter, particularly biological tissues. The ability of radiation to ionize atoms is a key factor in its potential to cause biological effects, which is crucial for assessing safety and effects in radiological procedures.