What is the function of the cathode in an X-ray tube?

The cathode in an X-ray tube plays a crucial role by emitting electrons, which are essential for the generation of X-rays. When a high voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode, the emitted electrons are accelerated towards the anode. This movement of electrons is fundamental in the X-ray production process, as when these high-energy electrons collide with the anode target, they lead to the emission of X-ray photons.

The function of the cathode is specifically focused on the generation of these electrons, making it the source of the electron beam necessary for X-ray production. The material used in the cathode, typically a filament, is designed to produce a significant number of electrons when heated. Therefore, understanding the cathode's role as an electron emitter helps clarify its importance in the overall mechanism of X-ray generation.