What is the primary function of a transformer?

The primary function of a transformer is to transform electrical potential and current into higher or lower intensities. This is achieved through the principle of electromagnetic induction, where an alternating current in one coil (the primary winding) creates a varying magnetic field that induces a voltage in another coil (the secondary winding). The ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils determines whether the transformer steps up (increases) or steps down (decreases) the voltage.

This capability is vital in various applications, such as power distribution, where voltage needs to be adjusted for efficient transmission over long distances or for safe usage in homes and businesses. A transformer does not convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, rectify alternating current into direct current, or amplify electrical signals, which are functions associated with other electrical devices or systems. Thus, the focus on the transformer's role in altering voltage levels captures its essential purpose in electrical circuits.