What is the role of the anode in an X-ray tube?

The anode plays a critical role in the X-ray tube by serving as the target for the electrons generated by the cathode. When high-speed electrons produced by the cathode collide with the anode, a significant portion of their kinetic energy is converted into X-rays through a process called bremsstrahlung radiation. This interaction occurs at the anode material, typically made of tungsten or molybdenum due to their high atomic number and thermal conductivity, which are ideal for producing X-rays efficiently and managing the heat generated during the process.

In addition to producing X-rays, the anode also helps dissipate heat, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity and functionality of the X-ray tube. However, among the provided options, its primary function directly pertains to the production of X-rays when it acts as the target for electrons. The other options refer to functions not directly associated with the anode. For instance, increasing the speed of electrons, filtering out frequencies, and regulating temperature are not roles performed by the anode itself.