What type of radiation is used in mammography?

Mammography specifically employs low-energy X-rays to obtain images of the breast tissue. The use of low-energy X-rays is crucial for enhancing the contrast in imaging breast structures, which aids in the detection of abnormalities such as tumors or calcifications. These low-energy X-rays are less penetrating than higher-energy X-rays, allowing for better visualization of the soft tissue of the breast while minimizing unnecessary exposure to radiation.

In contrast, high-energy X-rays, which are typically used in radiation therapy or for imaging denser tissues, would be inappropriate in mammography as they could result in excessive radiation dose without providing significant diagnostic benefit. Ultrasound waves serve a different diagnostic purpose, such as assessing cystic changes or guiding biopsies but are not used for capturing detailed images like X-rays. Gamma radiation, produced by radioactive isotopes, is used in nuclear medicine and does not apply to mammographic imaging. Thus, the choice of low-energy X-rays is essential for achieving the best balance of image quality and patient safety in mammography.