Which type of current involves electrons oscillating back and forth?

Alternating Current (AC) is characterized by the oscillation of electrons, which move back and forth in the conductor. This oscillation occurs as the flow of current reverses direction periodically, typically represented in waveforms. The hallmark of AC is its ability to change magnitude and direction over time, which is a fundamental aspect of how alternating current is generated and used in electrical systems.

In contrast, Direct Current (DC) refers to the unidirectional flow of electrons, meaning they move consistently in a single direction. Transient Current usually refers to temporary variations in electrical current due to sudden changes in the electrical circuit, rather than the consistent oscillation seen in AC. Steady Current refers to a constant flow of electricity over time, which does not involve the oscillatory movement of electrons. Thus, understanding the nature of electron movement in different types of currents clarifies why Alternating Current is the correct answer.