Which waveform is characterized by less than 1% ripple?

The waveform that is characterized by less than 1% ripple is the high frequency waveform. High frequency generators are designed to produce a very stable and consistent output voltage, which significantly reduces the ripple effect compared to other types of waveforms. The high frequency operation allows for quicker switching between positive and negative cycles, resulting in a smooth and continuous waveform with minimal fluctuations in voltage.

In radiology, a low ripple percentage is desirable because it indicates a more constant energy output, leading to enhanced image quality and reduced patient dose. High frequency generators are particularly advantageous in various imaging modalities, as they can produce high-quality x-ray beams with improved precision, making them a popular choice in modern radiological practices.